Overdosing - Naxolone / Narcan and Other Methods

What causes overdosing?

Overdosing is a term primarily used when a person or patient has ingested or injected a lethal dose of a substance and is causing distress in the respiratory and cardiac systems. Overdosing is very serious and requires immediate, proactive reactions to save a life. It's important to know that not all overdoses have the same required reactions, and some actions taken on an opioid overdose can be harmful and damaging to another type of overdose. The signs of an overdose can be slowing breaths, lowering heart rate, pinpointed pupils, and/or decreased levels of consciousness.

What is Narcan / Naxolone?

Narcan is the branded name for Naxolone. Naxolone is an opioid antagonist - in simple terms, it binds to the same receptors that opioids bind to. This prevents further bindings of the opioid, and allows your body to filter out the bindings left in the bloodstream. The administration of Naxolone can be intravenous, intraosseous, or through inhalation.  If you are not in a hospital and in the medical field, you will likely never see intravenous or intraosseous injections - and it is not recommended that those without IV or IO experience conduct these methods of delivery, unless absolutely and utterly necessary. Narcan is a Naxolone Nasal Spray that is normally as effective as an IV or IO, however the results are not as quick (IV/IO within a minute, respiratory within minutes).

How to Administer Narcan:

Step 1) Check for any obstructions in the throat and nose. Since this is going to be a nasal spray, obstructions can delay the Naxolone from entering the lungs.
Step 2) Lay the person on their back, tilting the person's head back. There should be a significant arch between their spinal back and the back of their cranium.
Step 3) Open the outer carton of Narcan, peeling back the inner packaging, and hold the device at the bottom of the plunger with your thumb. Let your index and middle finger rest naturally.
Step 4) Insert the nozzle into one nostril, making sure your fingers touch the bottom of the nose. Press the plunger with sufficient pressure, allowing the device to deliver the dose.
Step 5) Remove the device and immediately begin CPR, preferably with breaths. If the person does not wake up, administer a second dose. If the person wakes up, keep them on their side until Emergency Medical Services arrive to take the member to a hospital.

REMINDER: CPR can revive a person, however the reason for continuing CPR is to allow for already oxygenated blood to circulate to organs and prevent organ and brain death.